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ar as received basis | ad air dried basis | d dry basis
Specific Energy Conversions
For conversions between units
1 btu/lb = 0.002326 mj/kg
1 kcal/kg 0.0041868 mj/kg
1 metric ton (tonne) 1.10231 short tons
From GAR to NAR
The difference between net and gross as received (NAR v/s GAR) specific energy values is the latent heat of the water vapour which lowers the effective calorific value in the boiler. To convert from GAR to NAR for bituminous coals subtract approximately
1.09 mj/kg
260 kcal/kg
470 btu/lb
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Coal Basics
A picture is worth a thousand words.
Select a term from the list
=coal that includes TOTAL MOISTURE, ASH, VOLATILE MATTER, and FIXED CARBON
The amount of heat liberated during laboratory testing when coal is com busted under standardised conditions, with the temperature of starting materials and products being approximately 25°C. During actual combustion in boilers, the gross value is never achieved because some of the products, most importantly water, are lost in the gaseous state with their associated heat of vaporisation.
The maximum achievable calorific value under these conditions is the net calorific value and shows how to calculate this. Calorific value (CV) is also known as specific energy and the gross and net CV are known as the higher and lower heating value in some countries.
